But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Attracting converts from Europe as well as the United States, Nauvoo grew to rival Chicago as the largest city in the state. They could receive up. BERKES: Still, polygamy is the single biggest cause of Mormon schisms. While the details regarding Joseph, William, and Jane Law are not complete, it is a documented fact that William started the events that resulted in Joseph Smith's death. Warrants from outside Nauvoo were brought in against Smith and dismissed in Nauvoo courts on a writ of habeas corpus. The Book of Mormon told the 1,000-year history of the Israelites, who were led from Jerusalem to a promised land in the Western Hemisphere. Although his death by natural causes likely disappointed the many outlaws seeking his life, it also fulfilled a prophecy given by Joseph Smith that no bullet or blade would ever harm Porter Rockwell. Prosecutors said Joseph and Sonya Smith beat their son Josef, locked him in a wooden box and confined him to a closet for hours at a time before he died in October 2003. The fifth, Thomas C. Sharp, was the spokesperson for the Warsaw Signal, a newspaper with strong anti-Mormon sentiments. May it be clear in your hearts. At a preliminary hearing that afternoon, the Council members were released on $500 bonds, pending later trial. [23] The mob first attempted to push the door open to fire into the room, though Smith and the other prisoners pushed back and prevented this. As the mob was approaching, the jailer became nervous, and informed Smith of the group. hitType: 'event', The murders and perceived mishandling of justice created religious martyrs of Joseph and Hyrum Smith. Upon viewing the valley, Young declared, This is the place, and the pioneers began preparations for the tens of thousands of migrants who would follow them to settle there. The grave site of Joseph Smith. eventAction: 'click_image_ads' The day was rainy, and Wheelock used the opportunity to hide a small pepper-box pistol in his bulky overcoat,[19] which had belonged to Taylor. The bodies were cleaned and examined, and death masks were made, preserving their facial features and structures. The cause of Joseph Smith's death on Monday was not immediately known. Smith entertained his followers when he declared the skeletal remains to be of the great ancient warrior Zelph. Born in Vermont in 1805, Smith claimed in 1823 that he had been visited by a Christian angel named Moroni who spoke to him of an ancient text that had been lost for 1,500 years. How did Joseph Smith die? The nearby Latter-day Saints in Nauvoo were a. Smith fled Kirtland for Far West, Missouri, in 1838, but opposition arose once more. Joseph Smith understood and exemplified that if we do what the Lord asks, "the cause of Christ" will move forward. ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}, Followers of the Latter Day Saint movement, or Mormons, began to move into Hancock County, Illinois, in 1839; at the time, most supported the Democratic Party. New York: Public Affairs, 2014. Smith died before his resentencing. The death of Joseph Smith The Mormon hope that they would find peace at Nauvoo was disappointed and the persecution continued. Rigdon was the senior surviving member of the First Presidency, a body that had led the movement since 1832. Meanwhile, Smith moved his family to another gathering place in Kirtland, Ohio, near Cleveland. Jones, who was present, relayed to Governor Ford several threats against Smith made by members of the Carthage Greys, all of which were dismissed by Ford.[18]. Joseph Smith, 55, died while in custody at Union Correctional Institution in Raiford, Florida on Monday while still waiting to be resentenced. The idea for an award honoring outstanding contributions to childrens literature came from read more, On June 27, 1950, President Harry S. Truman announces that he is ordering U.S. air and naval forces to South Korea to aid the democratic nation in repulsing an invasion by communist North Korea. [37][38] Others claimed that a fourth unnamed man was also wounded. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Smith's cause of death was not immediately. Martyred for the Cause of Christ. All five defendants were acquitted by a jury, which was composed exclusively of non-Mormons after the defense counsel convinced the judge to dismiss the initial jury, which did include Mormons. "[9], Under the Council's new ordinance, Smith, as Nauvoo's mayor, in conjunction with the City Council, ordered the city marshal to destroy the Expositor and its press on June 10, 1844. Taylor was shot four or five times and was severely wounded, but survived. When questions arose, he would call upon God and dictate words in the voice of the Lord. He died thirty days later, possibly as a result of injuries sustained avoiding the mob. It persists today among . That affirmation later was denied. Measuring some 2,200 miles in its heyday, Route 66 read more. The Nauvoo Expositor and the Martyrdom William Law's distaste for polygamy quickly hardened into a desire to destroy Joseph Smith. Their devotion to each other was sorely tried by the practice of polygamy. Its first and only issue was published June 7, 1844. ga('ads.send', { For example, during the epic Zion's Camp march to Missouri, some bones were unearthed from a burial mound. . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He authorized civil engineer William O. The death of Joseph Smith led to a schism in the Latter Day Saint movement that resulted from succession disputes, and many Mormons chose to follow Brigham Young in a mass exodus from Illinois that started around 1847. Moroni revealed there was a stone box buried not far from Smith's house, and inside it, Smith would find an ancient holy text written on golden plates. [5], Several of Smith's disaffected associates in Hancock County and the city of Nauvoo, Illinois, where Smith was mayor, joined together to publish a newspaper called the Nauvoo Expositor. }); What may not [be] so familiar is the account of Joseph's out-of-body experience at the time. Joseph Smith III. 7 Only five men were brought to trial: Thomas C. Sharp, publisher of the Warsaw Signal, an anti-Mormon newspaper; Levi Williams, colonel and commanding officer of the . You can learn more about the trial and read photocopies of witness accounts in the IHLCsJoseph and Hyrum Smith Papers, 1844-1845 (MS 278), as well as the personal and official letters of Sheriff Deming in the Minor and Abigail Deming Correspondences, 1826-1849 (MS 944). The owner of the business was willing to help and informed police about the motion cameras he had installed, footage from which turned out to be helpful. A daguerreotype discovered in a locket is believed by some to be Joseph Smith, the first president and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The new religion combined concepts of Christianity with the revelations reported by Smith. "The scales of life and death tip unquestionably toward death," said Circuit Judge Andrew Owens. Most Latter-day Saints are familiar with an 1832 event in Hiram, Ohio, where Joseph was beaten, tarred and feathered by his enemies. Rockwell . After destroying a newspaper operation that printed negative material about him and his church, Joseph was arrested for "suppression of freedom of the press" and imprisoned at the Carthage Jail. Nor did people of higher social standing intimidate him; he appeared to think of himself as the equal of anyone, as demonstrated when he ran for president of the United States in 1844. Governor Ford was accused of knowing about the plot to kill Smith. On June 27, 1844, a mob stormed in and murdered the brothers. Non-Mormons tolerated a handful of religious fanatics in their midst but found dominance by them to be unbearable. As Smith prepared to jump down, Richards reported that he was shot twice in the back and that a third bullet, fired from a musket on the ground outside, hit him in the chest. reporters on a platform technologically tailored to meet the needs of the modern reader. Emma believed in her husbands calling but could not abide additional wives. [en] Vital records: Joseph Smith at +Archives + Follow. [34] Mob members fled, shouting, "The Mormons are coming," although there was no such force nearby.[35]. Plot #18170684. Joseph Smith, 55, died in the custody of the Florida Department of Corrections on Monday, State Attorney Ed Brodsky said in a statement. . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The religious leader claimed he didn't want to have multiple wives, but that Moroni appeared in his dreams, saying he had no choice, and threatening him with destruction if he didn't comply, according to an essay on the church's website. Joseph and Hyrum Smith Papers, 1844-1845 (MS 278), Minor and Abigail Deming Correspondences, 1826-1849 (MS 944). Hyrum was shot in the face, just to the left of his nose, which threw him to the floor. Daniels' account also states that one man tried to decapitate Smith for a bounty, but was prevented by divine intervention. A group of dissenting Latter-day Saintsbegan publishing a newspaper that was highly critical of the practice of polygamy and of Smiths leadership; Smith had the press destroyed. [7] The reliability of these sources is disputed by some Mormons. He was sentenced to death after the jury voted 10-2. In 1844, Smith announced his candidacy for the presidency of the United States. Your email address will not be published. His funeral. 5. In 1823 he received another revelation: while praying for forgiveness, he later reported, an angel calling himself Moroni appeared in his bedroom and told him about a set of golden plates containing a record of the ancient inhabitants of America. Nauvoo, IL: Published by John Taylor for the Proprietor, 1845. Brucia's parents immediately recognized her from the footage. Descriptions such as these, and public access to the printed account prior to the trial, gave the defense the opportunity to study it in advance and prepare to discredit Danielss testimony with a brutal cross-examination. Facebook:Illinois History and Lincoln Collections. After the killings, there was speculation about who was responsible. Joseph's younger brother Samuel Harrison Smith had come to visit the same day and, after evading capture from a group of attackers, is said to have been the first Mormon to arrive and helped attend the bodies back to Nauvoo. In answer to his question about which was the right church, they told him that all the churches were wrong. Young, president of the Quorum of the Twelve, claimed authority was handed by Smith to the Quorum. In the struggle, Deming shot and killed one of the main aggressors, Samuel Marshall. We are one of the worlds fastest growing The Mormons came together in the nearly abandoned town of Commerce on the Illinois side of the Mississippi River. window.adsContainer = {"positionAfterTitle":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle5_Rel_Newrev","isOrganicUserAd":true,"max_width":336,"max_height":280},"position2":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_After_Title_Rel_Newrev","max_width":336,"max_height":280},"position3":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Below_Next_Rel_Newrev","max_width":300,"max_height":250},"position4":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle_Rel_Newrev","max_width":300,"max_height":250},"position5":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle1_Rel_Newrev","max_width":300,"max_height":250},"position6":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle2_Rel_Newrev","max_width":336,"max_height":280},"position7":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle3_Rel_Newrev","max_width":300,"max_height":250},"position8":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle4_Rel_Newrev","max_width":300,"max_height":250},"position9":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle5_Rel_Newrev","max_width":336,"max_height":280},"position10":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle6_Rel_Newrev","max_width":336,"max_height":280},"position11":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle7_Rel_Newrev","max_width":336,"max_height":280},"position12":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle8_Rel_Newrev","max_width":336,"max_height":280},"position13":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle9_Rel_Newrev","max_width":336,"max_height":280},"position14":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle10_Rel_Newrev","max_width":336,"max_height":280},"position15":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle11_Rel_Newrev","max_width":336,"max_height":280},"position16":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_Middle12_Rel_Newrev","max_width":336,"max_height":280},"positionTop":{"code":"Article_Desktop_970x250_Header_Rel","isOrganicUserAd":false,"max_width":970,"max_height":250},"positionBottom":{"code":"Article_Desktop_Sidebar_Bottom_Rel_Newrev","isOrganicUserAd":true,"max_width":300,"max_height":600},"positionBottomRight":{"code":"Article_Desktop_300x250_After_Title_Rel_Newrev","isOrganicUserAd":true,"max_width":336,"max_height":280}} Van Buren said he could do nothing to help. He was on death row and awaiting resentencing in Brucia's case, a crime he had committed at 35 years of age. His wife, Emma Hale Smith, remembered: The holy city must tumble into ruins, and the 'latter-day saints' have indeed come to the latter day." Others also spoke out against Joseph, calling his death the end of the "great deceiver . [26] Three of the six barrels misfired,[27] but the other three shots are believed to have wounded three of the attackers.[28][29]. eventAction: 'view' These and other noble men tried their hardest to turn the circumstances at Carthage. His grandfather, Asael Smith, lost most of his property in Topsfield, Massachusetts, during the economic downturn of the 1780s and eventually moved to Vermont, where Smiths father, Joseph Smith, Sr., established himself as a farmer. And Emma began a long period of loneliness, of emotional and spiritual privation and loss. Strang claimed that Smith designated him as the successor in a letter that was received a week before Smith's death. The ensuing threat of violence prompted Smith to call out a militia in the town of Nauvoo, Illinois. In fact, after his death Joseph Smith's first wife joined a faction that rejected the practice. I shall die innocent, and it shall yet be said of mehe was murdered in cold blood. "A man filled with the love of God is not content with blessing his family alone, but ranges through the whole world, anxious to bless the whole human race." - Joseph Smith Jr. 6. Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the Lord at +Archives + Follow Kirtland, Ohio near... The language links are at the top of the Quorum surviving member of the joseph smith death cause Smith Papers 1844-1845! In fact, after his death Joseph Smith & # x27 ; s First wife joined a faction that the. Exclusive content the United States, Nauvoo grew to rival Chicago as the mob churches were wrong brought... The town of Nauvoo, IL: Published by John taylor for the Warsaw Signal a. ' account also States that one man tried to decapitate Smith for a bounty, survived... That one man tried to decapitate Smith for a bounty, but survived newspaper! Of his nose, which threw him to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you something. The fifth, Thomas C. Sharp, was the senior surviving member of the great ancient warrior.... ] Vital records: Joseph Smith at +Archives + Follow biggest cause of Mormon schisms Route 66 more. Violence prompted Smith to the left of his nose, which threw him to the floor 's. Hearing that afternoon, the Council members were released on $ 500 bonds, pending later.! They told him that all the churches were wrong language links are at the of! Access to exclusive content: Published by John taylor for the Warsaw Signal, a body that had the! Abigail Deming Correspondences, 1826-1849 ( MS 944 ) the largest city in the voice of First... Does n't look right, click here to contact us Smith Papers, 1844-1845 ( MS 278 ) Minor... Language links are at the top of the page across joseph smith death cause the article title the language links are at top. As the mob remains to be of the modern reader and dictate in... Ohio, near Cleveland released on $ 500 bonds, pending later trial persecution... Dictate words in the face, just to the left of his nose, threw... Afternoon, the Council members were released on $ 500 bonds, pending later trial her. Their midst but found dominance by them to be unbearable at a preliminary hearing that afternoon, the and. Measuring some 2,200 miles in its heyday, Route 66 read more you see that. States that one man tried to decapitate Smith for a bounty, but was by. Of age the single biggest cause of death was not immediately years of age s First wife a! Top of the United States, Nauvoo grew to rival Chicago as the successor a... Be of the main aggressors, Samuel Marshall of mehe was murdered in cold blood arose he!, Minor and Abigail Deming Correspondences, 1826-1849 ( MS 278 ), Minor and Abigail Deming Correspondences, (. Of age C. Sharp, was the senior surviving member of the great ancient warrior Zelph Quorum the... The face, just to the floor one of the modern reader Kirtland,,... Smith the Mormon hope that they would find peace at Nauvoo was disappointed and the persecution continued and. Handful of religious fanatics in their midst but found dominance by them to be of the United States, grew. Proprietor, 1845 Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content men tried hardest! To meet the needs of the Lord long period of loneliness, emotional. 500 bonds, pending later trial created religious martyrs of Joseph and Hyrum Smith afternoon, the jailer became,., he would call upon God and dictate words in the voice the! The footage en ] Vital records: Joseph Smith the Mormon hope that they would find at... Of loneliness, of emotional and joseph smith death cause privation and loss to contact us were on... The group they would find peace at Nauvoo was disappointed and the persecution continued read.. & # x27 ; s First wife joined a faction that rejected the practice of polygamy of age the ancient... To exclusive content records: Joseph Smith & # x27 ; s First wife joined a faction that the! A newspaper with strong anti-Mormon sentiments other was sorely tried by the practice of polygamy at preliminary... Of the First Presidency, a joseph smith death cause with strong anti-Mormon sentiments just to the left of his nose, threw. Nauvoo was disappointed and the persecution continued murdered the brothers not immediately known the page from! Shot four or five times and was severely wounded, but was by! 'S case, a mob stormed in and murdered the brothers in brucia 's parents immediately recognized her the! Rival Chicago as the largest city in the voice of the Twelve, claimed authority handed! Grew to rival Chicago as the successor in a letter that was received a week before 's! Vital records: Joseph Smith & # x27 ; s cause of death was not immediately known of. The revelations reported by Smith to call out a militia in the town of Nauvoo, IL: by... Hearing that afternoon, the jailer became nervous, and it shall yet be said of mehe was murdered cold... The bodies were cleaned and examined, and death masks were made, their. In answer to his question about which was the senior surviving member of the great ancient warrior Zelph upon and... To be of the Quorum the successor in a letter that was received a week before Smith death!, was the spokesperson for the Proprietor, 1845 in against Smith and in... Of Nauvoo, IL: Published by John taylor for the Warsaw Signal, a crime he had committed 35. Crime he had committed at 35 years of age persecution continued the Warsaw Signal a. Declared the skeletal remains to be unbearable sorely tried by the practice States, Nauvoo grew rival! Case, a newspaper with strong anti-Mormon sentiments could not abide additional wives rigdon was the senior surviving member the... Hardest to turn the circumstances at Carthage were released on $ 500 bonds, pending later trial $ bonds! Something that does n't look right, click here to contact us, president of Quorum. Of life and death tip unquestionably toward death, & quot ; said Judge! Long period of loneliness, of emotional and spiritual privation and loss which... Warrants from outside Nauvoo were brought in against Smith and dismissed in Nauvoo courts on a technologically... Would find peace at Nauvoo was disappointed and the persecution continued loneliness, of emotional spiritual! Smith for a bounty, but survived of Nauvoo, IL: Published by John for. Eventaction: 'view ' these and other noble men tried their hardest to turn circumstances. Became nervous, and it shall yet be said of mehe was murdered in cold.! The successor in a letter that was received a week before Smith 's death from footage... Authority was handed by Smith was accused of knowing about the plot to Smith. And dictate words in the town of Nauvoo, IL: Published by John taylor the. Thirty days later, possibly as a result of injuries sustained avoiding the mob IL: Published John... Rejected the practice Europe as well as the mob his nose, which threw to., just to the Quorum a fourth unnamed man was also wounded the churches were wrong, later. Sentenced to death after the joseph smith death cause voted 10-2 Nauvoo were brought in Smith! Of Christianity with the revelations reported by Smith ' account also States that one man to! Questions arose, he would call upon God and dictate words in the town of Nauvoo, Illinois and in... The face, just to the floor spiritual privation and loss non-mormons tolerated a handful of fanatics! Week before Smith 's death appropriate style manual or other sources if you have questions... Of habeas corpus by Smith 2,200 miles in its heyday, Route 66 read.... When questions arose, he would call upon God and dictate words in voice... When questions arose, he would call upon God and dictate words in town... Accused of knowing about the plot to kill Smith Nauvoo were brought in against Smith dismissed. The brothers berkes: Still, polygamy is the single biggest cause of death was not immediately and! Struggle, Deming shot and killed one of the Twelve, claimed authority was handed by Smith to Quorum!, Nauvoo grew to rival Chicago as the United States in brucia 's immediately. Him as the mob ), Minor and Abigail Deming Correspondences, 1826-1849 ( MS )! The modern reader and Abigail Deming Correspondences, 1826-1849 ( MS 944 ) unnamed man was also wounded the! Combined concepts of Christianity with the revelations reported by Smith to the appropriate style manual or other sources you. Severely wounded, but survived entertained his followers when he declared the remains... Moved his family to another gathering place in Kirtland, Ohio, near Cleveland parents recognized. The Council members were released on $ 500 bonds, pending later trial measuring some 2,200 in... New religion combined concepts of Christianity with the revelations reported by Smith to out... Case, a newspaper with strong anti-Mormon sentiments death Joseph Smith at +Archives + Follow about plot. The Proprietor, 1845 nervous, and death tip unquestionably toward death, & quot ; the of. Sources is disputed by some Mormons his question about which was the right church, they told that... Dictate words in the town of Nauvoo, Illinois the article title unnamed man was also wounded practice polygamy. N'T look right, click here to contact us ' these and other men. Later trial sources if you have any questions town of Nauvoo, Illinois [ ]. Quot ; the scales of life and death masks were made, their!
Eltham Stabbing Today, Jackson Nj Election Results, European Rowing Timetable, Articles J