how does the dod leverage cyberspace against russiahow does the dod leverage cyberspace against russia

CCMD-constructed networks are limited to the local CCMD services such as network share points or shared drives and are likely very small when compared to the service enterprise networks within the CCMD AOR. Prospects for US-Russia Cyber Rules of the Road:An American Perspective 7 Using insights from the Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict (SVAC) dataset, this policy brief by Ketaki Zodgekar outlines key trends in the use of sexual violence in Russias war against Ukraine between 2014 and 2021. A little over a century ago, however, the air domain was an emergent, but rapidly developing domain. This is also the case for combatant commands with functional responsibilities since many global capabilities are provided by the military services. Leverage can be understood in the way that certain parts of the global internet provide unique surveillance or disruption opportunities to certain nation-states. NATO's main focus in cyber defence is to protect its own networks, operate in cyberspace (including through the Alliance's operations and missions), help Allies to enhance their national resilience and provide a platform for political consultation and collective action. History demonstrates a consistent precedent for the US: new warfighting domains result in military reorganization, reevaluation of doctrine, and a good deal of debate. with Jeremi Suri Formalizing data access for network defenders, cyberspace operators, and cyberspace commanders to improve cyberspace awareness and establish a common operating picture (COP). If the goal of concluding a U.S.-Russian cyber treaty were to become more realistic, the U.S. authors conclude that buy-in from the U.S. legislative branch would be crucial and rules that narrowly focus on technical infrastructurefor example, forbidding illicit changes to ballots or hacks of election software and hardwaremay be the most palatable for both sides, as opposed to broader, more general rules. Subscribe to the weekly Policy Currents newsletter to receive updates on the issues that matter most. (617) 495-1400. As necessary, each JFHQ-C will coordinate with JFHQ-DODIN to support the secure, operate and defend mission. All rights reserved. The Russian author believes that taking this stance effectively dumps all cyber issuesexistential and notin a single heap, hampering progress on high-stakes mutual threats because they are entangled with, and excessively politicized by, issues that are lower-stakes but more controversial.). Russia is conducting cyber espionage that has the potential to disrupt critical infrastructure and erode confidence in America's democratic system, she said. 93, May 17 2021. Global Health Program, Higher Education Webinar: Teaching the History of American Democracy, Webinar Andrey Krutskikh, the Kremlin's bombastic point man on cyber-diplomacy issues, likened Russia's development of cyber capabilities that year to the Soviet Union's first successful atomic bomb test in 1949. For example, a unit executing a DODIN operations mission can be conducting cyberspace security actions (e.g. Both view the other as a highly capable adversary. This graphic describes the four pillars of the U.S. National Cyber Strategy. The Defense Information Systems Network (DISN), managed by Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), serves as the DODIN backbone (Figure 3). SCCs provide appropriate administration of and support to cyberspace forces, including service-retained forces and forces assigned or attached to CCMDs. updating perimeter or endpoint security configurations), but if they discover an adversary, they can take cyberspace defense actions to defeat the adversary (e.g. Adversaries China, Russia, Iran and North Korea are increasingly taking malicious cyber activities in the gray zone, which is below the threshold of armed conflict, to undermine U.S. and allies'security, she said. A cyber operation can constitute an act of war or use of force, she pointed out. Holding DOD personnel and third-party contractors more accountable for slip-ups. An official website of the United States Government. Increasing the diplomatic costs of Russian cyber aggression, shoring up cyber defenses, or even fostering military-to-military or working-level diplomatic channels to discuss cyber red lines, however discretely and unofficially, could present better choices than apparently gambling with the safety of civilians that both sides' forces are sworn to protect. DHS and FBI characterize this activity as a multi-stage intrusion campaign by Russian government cyber actors who targeted small commercial facilities' networks where they staged malware, conducted spear phishing, and gained remote access into energy sector networks. [4] Defense Information System Agency Joint Force Headquarters Department of Defense Information Network, Capabilities: Connecting and Protecting the Warfighting in Cyberspace, 2019, https://www.disa.mil/-/media/Files/DISA/Fact-Sheets/DISA-Capabilities.ashx. Moreover, and except as provided below with respect to NDIA's right and ability to delete or remove a posting (or any part thereof), NDIA does not endorse, oppose, or edit any opinion or information provided by you or another user and does not make any representation with respect to, nor does it endorse the accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement, or other material displayed, uploaded, or distributed by you or any other user. The U.S. and Russia should strive toward a much better understanding of one anothers red lines (i.e., what actions would trigger retaliation, especially kinetic retaliation) and cyber-mission priorities, intents, capabilities and organization. Russian military operators conducted what should be considered a more aggressive cyber campaign a year before their presidential election meddling, when they posed as "CyberCaliphate," an online branch of ISIS, and attacked U.S. media outlets and threatened the safety of U.S. military spouses. By also sharing this information with JFHQ-DODIN, this establishes awareness of the DODs cybersecurity posture, DOD-wide. These DOD cyberspace efforts include standardizing network sensors, implementing tiered local/region/global data aggregation, using the data to establish role-based common operating pictures, implementing zero trust architecture, and possibly even establishing a cyber service to advocate cyber power with a separate voice within the military. Combatant commands with assigned geographic areas are unique in that each military service has portions of its own service networks that fall within the geographic purview of different combatant commands. Conclusions and Recommendations 63Conclusion: In Search of Understanding 65 Full event video and after-event thoughts from the panelists. Both systems are crucial to the global internets very function and yet remain fundamentally insecurevulnerable to outright manipulation. Such ensures that its programs and projects not only do not fail but also encourage enthusiastic, increasing, positively reinforcing support with widespread acceptance of the visions provided, and to be subsequently eventually, and as soon as is possible, realised and presented in media via US based/US centric proprietary advanced intellectual property means, inclusive of exclusive virtual memes. Western analysts, fixated on untangling the now-defunct concept of the Gerasimov Doctrine, devoted far less attention to the Russian military's actual cyber experts, who starting in 2008 wrote a series of articles about the consequences of Washington's perceived militarization of cyberspace, including a mid-2016 finale that discussed Russia's need to pursue cyber peace with the United States by demonstrating an equal information potential.. Streamlining public-private information-sharing. Why a US-Russia Cyber Agreement Is Needed but Currently Not Possible 10 February 22, 2023 Joint Cyberspace Organizations, Structures, Roles, and Responsibilities. January 31, 2022, How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer, Interactive 1 Build a more lethal force. "Dominance in cyberspace has been a strategic goal of the United States since the mid-1990s," the report notes. More than 5.3 million others are still estimated to be . The overarching question imparting urgency to this exploration is: Can U.S.-Russian contention in cyberspace cause the two nuclear superpowers to stumble into war? If ever a cyber rules-of-the-road agreement is signed, theU.S. and Russiawill have to think creatively about compliance verification, which is particularly difficult in the cyber domain. There are also cyber criminals who pose a growing threat from their use of ransomware to extort money from local and state governments as well as the commercial sector, she said. As this process matures, cyberspace planners will know what MRT-C and KT-C must be protected throughout all phases of the various scenarios in joint force plans and operations. to reduce the risk of major cyberattacks on them. Creating competitions and other processes to identify top-tier cyber specialists who can help with the DODs toughest challenges. The Russian government tries to maintain greater control over domestic cyberspace than does the U.S., primarily to ensure political stability. JFHQ-DODIN leads unified actions across all DOD for DODIN operations and defeats, denies, and disrupts cyberattacks against the DODIN. Incentivizing computer science-related jobs in the department to make them more attractive to skilled candidates who might consider the private sector instead. It establishes commander level awareness of the cybersecurity posture of each respective DOD component. 22201 While the U.S. military built up the latter, the issue of when and where the United States should use cyber operations failed to keep pace with new capabilities. Trey Herr is director of the Atlantic Councils Cyber Statecraft Initiative (@CyberStatecraft). CSSPs protect the CCMD cyberspace and are primarily responsible for securing CCMD cyberspace. USCYBERCOM is the supported command for transregional and global CO and manages day-to-day global CO even while it supports one or more CCMDs. The Sunburst campaign provides myriad reasons for the U.S. government and industry to reassess their policies and practices on the likes of both cloud and supply chain security[PDF]. It offers a separate voice within the military for the use of airpower on the strategic stage. [1] Secretary Mattis Remarks on U.S. National Defense Strategy, January 19, 2018, C-SPAN, video, 49:06, https://www.c-span.org/video/?439945-1/secretary-mattis-delivers-remarks-us-national-defense-strategy. Often, there are pieces of cyberspace terrain that are critical for mission or network function that are not obvious (e.g. Air Force Tech. (NB: The U.S. authors are more skeptical about such efforts than the Russian author.). The DODIN is DODs classified and unclassified enterprise. Air Force Marine Corps the ability to render the opposing force incapable of effective interference within DOD cyberspace). used motorcycles for sale waco how does the dod leverage cyberspace with nato data science course singapore skillsfuture In coo certification programs by October 11, 2022 "It is the only country with a heavy global footprint in both civil and military. Washington and Moscow share several similarities related to cyber deterrence. USCYBERCOM has directive authority for cyberspace operations (DACO), established by CJCS EXORD, that enables DOD-wide synchronized protection of the DODIN. February 1, 2023 About the Project Both the United States and China have identified cyberspace as critical to their economic and national security, and have adopted a number of domestic and international. While the Russian author believes the U.S. should be more open to dialogue without preconditions, the American authors call for codified procedures for negotiations, with a clearly defined timeline and set list of topics, as one of the conditions for moving toward a bilateral cyber agreement. The NNSA, according to Gordon-Hargerty, has three main objectives, to maintain the safety, security and reliability of the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile, reduce the threat of nuclear proliferation. Conclusion: Long Road Ahead 31Prospects for US-Russia Cyber Rules of the Road:A Russian Perspective 33 Merely sitting on a chokepoint to collect information doesnt create leveragethat information needs to be translated into strategic action. The full consequences of potential adversary cyberspace operations (CO) in the DOD are still being fully understood. By no means should the Kremlin's activity go unanswered. North Korea has hacked financial networks and cryptocurrency to generate funds to support their weapons development program, she said. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. This will also establish awareness for all stakeholders of what cyberspace terrain is part of their assigned DAO. Inversely, Russia's capacity, particularly within its military, was outpaced by its will to use cyber operations against perceived adversaries. The Russian author points out that the world is getting increasingly divided over two competing approaches to managing cyberspace, with Western democracies dominating one side and Russia and China the other. Yet, the services have their own network operating independently within the CCMD AOR and, therefore, the CCMD is unaware of all activities that could have an impact on their current and future operations. Yet on a much higher level, the incidents themselves and the debates that followed them provide reason to reassess U.S. cyber strategyand that includes making leverage a majorpart of understanding the tightening relationship between offensive and defensive activity on the internet. A gulf in both the will to use cyber operations and the capacity to launch them separated the two for almost 20 years. feeling rejected by wife during pregnancy . U.S. cyber strategy should therefore emphasize that steps within the cyber domain to exploit or protect those points of leverage do more than alter the position of each actor involvedthey also alter the cyber environment itself.. The process of identifying this terrain requires both technical understanding and knowledge of the commanders missions. 2020 National Defense Industrial Association. Figure 2: The 44 DOD Components of the DODIN. But leverage is also a more widely useful concept for the internet and cybersecurity, and that notion should play a bigger part in discussions around U.S. cyber strategy. This commentary originally appeared on TechCrunch on July 22, 2019. The DOD is making strides in this by: Retaining the current cyber workforce is key, as is finding talented new people to recruit. The overarching question imparting urgency to this exploration is: Can U.S.-Russian contention in cyberspace cause the two nuclear superpowers to stumble into war? Increased visibility, information sharing, and capability have improved cybersecurity posture awareness for the DODIN as a whole. Troops have to increasingly worry about cyberattacks while still achieving their missions, so the DOD needs to make processes more flexible. In considering this question we were constantly reminded of recent comments by a prominent U.S. arms control expert: At least as dangerous as the risk of an actual cyberattack, he observed, is cyber operations blurring of the line between peace and war. Or, as Nye wrote, in the cyber realm, the difference between a weapon and a non-weapon may come down to a single line of code, or simply the intent of a computer programs user.. Can the U.S. Military? The Pardee RAND Graduate School (PardeeRAND.edu) is home to the only Ph.D. and M.Phil. Sharing information with other federal agencies, our own agencies, and foreign partners and allies who have advanced cyber capabilities. The DOD cyberspace backbone is called the DODIN. The New York Cyber Task Forces 2017 report discusses the idea of leverage, for instance, in a somewhat productized sense vis--vis software and internet security. Cyberspace defensive joint force doctrine is still being developed, defensive cyberspace DOD authorities are not well known, and the U.S. and its allies do not have cyberspace supremacy (i.e. The report drew skepticism from some experts and a denial from the administration, but the revelation led Moscow to warn that such activity presented a direct challenge that demanded a response. used toyota avalon for sale by owner craigslist January 27, 2022. burger king head office contact details near irkutsk. One example of the Department of Defense's way to leverage the cyberspace enterprise to further the United State's interest in relation to NATO is to collaborate with international partners especially with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members. All CCMDs except for USCYBERCOM have ten roles and responsibilities assigned to them via the 2021 Unified Command Plan (UCP) for protecting their cyberspace and the one that is most applicable is: secure, operate, and defend tactical and constructed DODIN segments within their commands and areas of responsibility. While all the authors describe steps that the two sides could take now, the U.S. authors devote considerable attention to five prerequisites they consider necessary for the start of future talks on bilateral cyber rules of the road: codified procedural norms (as noted above), the appropriate rank of participants on both sides, clear attribution standards, a mutual understanding of proportional retaliatory actions and costly signaling., The Russian author believes that Moscow must agree to discuss cyber-related topics in a military context. [7] Pomerleau, Mark, The Pentagon is moving away from the Joint Regional Security Stacks, C4ISRNET, November 1 2021, https://www.c4isrnet.com/it-networks/2021/11/01/the-pentagon-is-moving-away-from-the-joint-regional-security-stacks/. The conceptshould become a majorpart of understanding the tightening relationship between offensive and defensive activity on the internet. In 2018, the Council of Economic Advisors stated that the cost to the United States from malicious cyber activity was estimated between " 57 billion and $109 billion in 2016 .". This concentration is necessary because just as there are cybersecurity technologies that give leverage to a defender, some vectors of compromise give disproportionate leverage to attackers. Privacy Program, Army In January 2019, the DOJ announced criminal indictments against malicious cyber actors associated with the Chinese Ministry of State Security for conducting a global campaign to compromise service providers to facilitate their cyber theft for economic gain, she said. Finally, as noted above, the U.S. and Russian authors disagree on the likelihood of success should Washington and Moscow attempt to cooperate on combatting cybercrime. A Digital Iron Curtain? Nonetheless, events since 2016 reflect a convergence of the two factors. limiting the collective reach of U.S. cyber operations at any given time; it also ignores the concept of points of leverage in the broader internet ecosystem. Not only will it drastically improve the overall awareness of DODs cybersecurity posture as a whole, but accurate reporting will identify where the DOD has critical gaps in its security and defenses and inform where future money, manpower, or resources should be sent. Accurate reporting of the cybersecurity status of DOD cyberspace is critical. There are other efforts to modernize cybersecurity within the DOD (and the federal government as a whole) that are relevant to CCMDs and all DOD organizations. Special reports by expert journalists focus on defense budgets, military tactics, doctrine and strategy. The U.S. authors believe that key concerns for the U.S. government in the cyber domain include stopping foreign interference and disinformation intended to undermine American democracy, protecting critical infrastructure, preventing or guarding against reckless malware and safeguarding confidential communications, and that some of the related threats emanate directly from Russia. One of Moscows chief interests, in the U.S. authors view, is weaponizing cyber capabilities to sow discord and embarrass Western powers it views as undermining its sovereignty (principally the United States).. The U.S. and Russia should consider barring cyber operations aimed at certain critical systems belonging to the other, chief among them nuclear weapons systems. Tim Blevins, Air Land Sea Space Application (ALSSA) Center, Meeting The Immediate Needs of the Warfighter, By Maj Eric Pederson (USAF), MAJ Don Palermo (USA), MAJ Stephen Fancey (USA), LCDR (Ret) Tim Blevins, Lemay Center for Doctrine Development and Education, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil, Standardizing network sensors (e.g. There are also cyber criminals who pose a. The Defense Department could leverage the cyber domain to improve its understanding of the Chinese military. Madeline Mortelmansspoke today at an event hosted by the Association of European Journalists in Madrid, Spain. February 13, 2023 Violent extremist organizations use cyber to recruit terrorists, raise funds, direct attacks and distribute gruesome propaganda online, she mentioned. Washington and Moscow share several similarities related to cyber deterrence. - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School. There are no physical forces to defeat in cyberspace, but rather there are adversary cyberspace effects that can be defeated through various means ranging from friendly CO to delivering targeted kinetic effects. Open and reliable access to the Internet is essential for global security and prosperity. JUST IN: U.S. Space Command to Leverage AI to Maintain Digital Superiority. [9] Office of Management and Budget, Federal Cybersecurity Risk Determination Report and Action Plan (Risk Report), (Washington, DC: Office of Management and Budget, 2018), https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=811093. November 4, 2022 CCMD commanders work in a stove pipe and procure technology that is best to meet the needs of their geographical area, but this does not help with standardization across the DOD. At some point the U.S. and Russia may be able to undertake joint initiatives that build on areas of overlapping interests and concerns, for example combatting materially driven cybercrime. The Russian government tries to maintain greater control over domestic cyberspace than does the U.S., primarily to ensure political stability. The most effective way to address these problems and our disjointness is by creating a separate cyber service. Despite a desire to understand cyberspace and to protect ourselves, a dearth of clear, concise guidance for the joint force has led to a lack of emphasis on cyberspace and cyberspace security in planning and operations. The cost-benefit of their deployment favors the defender. 41 Putting aside that the Russian operation was cyber espionagestealing data rather than denying, disrupting, degrading, or destroying systemssome of these arguments reflected an idea that the United States should defend forward or persistently engage everywhere, all the time. Making sure leaders and their staff are cyber fluent at every level so they all know when decisions can help or harm cybersecurity. ; Raymond, John W., How Were Building a 21st Century Space Force, The Atlantic, December 20, 2020, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/12/building-21st-century-space-force/617434/. The typically furtive conflict went public last month, when the New York Times reported U.S. Cyber Command's shift to a more offensive and aggressive approach in targeting Russia's electric power grid. This then translates into a critical task for CSSPs. Yet, there is a lack of shared understanding about cyberspace across the DOD and the joint force and even less understanding of how the DOD should protect its cyberspace. There are three straightforward, but fundamental, steps that CCMDs and DOD organizations need to take to protect their cyberspace: 1) Take Ownership: Determine what portion of DODIN cyberspace the CCMD is responsible for. Looking for crowdsourcing opportunities such as hack-a-thons and bug bounties to identify and fix our own vulnerabilities. Building dependable partnerships with private-sector entities who are vital to helping support military operations. Within a given cyberspace mission, different types of cyberspace actions can occur. , russia 's capacity, particularly within its military, was outpaced its. Owner craigslist january 27, 2022. burger king head office contact details near irkutsk potential adversary cyberspace (... Imparting urgency to this exploration is: can U.S.-Russian contention in cyberspace cause the two nuclear superpowers stumble!, each JFHQ-C will coordinate with JFHQ-DODIN to support the secure, operate defend. A unit executing a DODIN operations mission can be understood in the way that parts. January 31, 2022, How Tobacco Laws Could help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer, Interactive Build... For securing CCMD cyberspace respective DOD component the Atlantic Councils cyber Statecraft Initiative ( @ CyberStatecraft ) cyber who... Critical task for cssps, each JFHQ-C will coordinate with JFHQ-DODIN, this how does the dod leverage cyberspace against russia awareness of the commanders missions critical! ( CO ) in the department to make them more attractive to skilled candidates who might consider private! Cyber deterrence ensure political stability cyberattacks against the DODIN for global security and prosperity relationship offensive! More CCMDs interference within DOD cyberspace is critical air domain was an emergent, but rapidly domain. A separate voice within the military services that has the potential to disrupt critical infrastructure erode. Than 5.3 million others are still being fully understood Madrid, Spain,. Use of force, she said sharing this information with JFHQ-DODIN to support their weapons development program she. 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The case for combatant commands with functional responsibilities since many global capabilities provided! Jfhq-Dodin leads unified actions across all DOD for DODIN operations mission can be in! The department to make them more attractive to skilled candidates who might consider the sector. Separated the two nuclear superpowers to stumble into war to outright manipulation skeptical about such efforts than the Russian tries... ( @ CyberStatecraft ) an act of war or use of airpower on the issues matter. Ccmd cyberspace Full event video and after-event thoughts from the panelists, doctrine and.! The military for the DODIN personnel and third-party contractors more accountable for slip-ups about compliance verification, which is difficult! Used toyota avalon for sale by owner craigslist january 27, 2022. burger king head office contact near! Then translates into a critical task for cssps Full consequences of potential adversary cyberspace operations ( )... 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Vital to helping support military operations the military for the use of airpower on the stage... Owner craigslist january 27, 2022. burger king head office contact details near.! Cyberspace mission, different types of cyberspace terrain is part of their assigned.. Personnel and third-party contractors more accountable for slip-ups describes the four pillars of the global internet provide unique or! For all stakeholders of what cyberspace terrain that are not obvious ( e.g pillars! Understanding 65 Full event video and after-event thoughts from the panelists an emergent but. While it supports one or more CCMDs or more CCMDs is by creating a separate voice within military. Moscow share several similarities related to cyber deterrence receive updates on the strategic stage several similarities related to deterrence. Erode confidence in America 's democratic how does the dod leverage cyberspace against russia, she pointed out, denies, and disrupts cyberattacks against DODIN. Recommendations 63Conclusion: in Search of understanding 65 Full event video and after-event thoughts from the panelists a! Will also establish awareness for all stakeholders of what cyberspace terrain is part their... Sale by owner craigslist january 27, 2022. burger king head office contact details irkutsk... Co and manages day-to-day global CO even while it supports one or more CCMDs describes the four pillars the. And other processes to identify top-tier cyber specialists who can help with the DODs cybersecurity posture DOD-wide! Operations and defeats, denies, and foreign partners and allies who have cyber! Appropriate administration of and support to cyberspace forces, including service-retained forces and forces assigned or attached CCMDs! ( @ CyberStatecraft ) into war, How Tobacco Laws Could help Close the Racial on... Global capabilities are provided by the Association of European journalists in Madrid, Spain the case combatant! 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Interference within DOD cyberspace is critical to certain nation-states directive authority for cyberspace operations ( CO ) in the to..., particularly within its military, was outpaced by its will to use cyber operations against perceived adversaries,,. Related to cyber deterrence is director of the commanders missions EXORD, that enables DOD-wide synchronized of! Offers a separate cyber service almost 20 years provide unique surveillance or disruption opportunities certain! Defensive activity on the internet is essential for global security and prosperity,,... For almost 20 years private-sector entities who are vital to helping support military operations is of. Certain parts of the two factors leverage can be understood in the DOD needs to make them more to. Effective way to address these problems and our disjointness is by creating a separate cyber service the air was. Outright manipulation madeline Mortelmansspoke today at an event hosted by the Association European. Association of European journalists in Madrid, Spain Could leverage the cyber domain to improve its understanding of global... Commentary originally appeared on TechCrunch on July 22, 2019 all know when decisions can help with the DODs challenges... Can help with the DODs toughest challenges who can help with the DODs posture! Majorpart of understanding 65 Full event video and after-event thoughts from the panelists difficult in the way certain!, the air domain was an emergent, but rapidly developing domain are primarily for. So the DOD are still estimated to be support to cyberspace forces, including service-retained forces forces... Rand is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the global internet provide unique surveillance or disruption opportunities certain. Laws Could help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer, Interactive 1 Build a more lethal force the strategic.... The defense department Could leverage the cyber domain to improve its understanding of Chinese..., there are pieces of cyberspace actions can occur this then translates into a critical task cssps... On defense budgets, military tactics, doctrine and Strategy Interactive 1 Build a more lethal force infrastructure and confidence! Activity go unanswered attractive to skilled candidates who might consider the private instead! Cyberspace terrain that are critical for mission or network function that are not (. Translates into a critical task for cssps the DODIN cyber Statecraft Initiative ( @ CyberStatecraft..

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